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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300012.1\u3000\u4e3b\u8981\u7ed3\u8bba<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300012.2\u3000\u5bf9\u91c7\u8d2d\u65b9\u7684\u5efa\u8bae<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300012.3\u3000\u5bf9\u4f9b\u5e94\u65b9\u7684\u5efa\u8bae<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672f\u8bed\u8bf4\u660e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u62a5\u544a\u58f0\u660e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u3000\u7814\u7a76\u80cc\u666f\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1.1\u3000\u5168\u7403\u8001\u9f84\u5316\u4e0e\u9002\u8001\u5316\u5bb6\u5177\u9700\u6c42\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u300aWorld Report on Ageing and Health\u300b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8001\u5e74\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5dee\u5f02\u6781\u5927\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u9002\u914d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u76f4\u63a5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u80fd\u5426\u7ef4\u6301\u72ec\u7acb\u751f\u6d3b\uff1b\u300aGlobal Report on Assistive Technology\u300b\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8f85\u52a9\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u53ef\u53ca\u6027\u3001\u9002\u914d\u6027\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u751f\u6d3b\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u5173\u952e\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u9002\u8001\u5316\u5bb6\u5177\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6807\u51c6\u4ece\u5916\u89c2\u4e0e\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u8f6c\u5411\u7ed3\u6784\u627f\u91cd\u3001\u5c3a\u5bf8\u9002\u914d\u3001\u8868\u9762\u8010\u6d01\u4e0e\u914d\u4ef6\u53ef\u7eed\u2014\u2014\u56db\u9879\u90fd\u843d\u5728\u5236\u9020\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1.2\u3000\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u754c\u5b9a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7814\u7a76\u56de\u7b54\u4e09\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5236\u9020\u80fd\u529b\u80fd\u5426\u62c6\u6210\u53ef\u6838\u9a8c\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff1b\u5168\u94fe\u6761\u81ea\u4e3b\u5236\u9020\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u4f9b\u7ed9\u6a21\u5f0f\u6709\u4f55\u5b9e\u8d28\u5dee\u522b\uff1b\u91c7\u8d2d\u65b9\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u5dee\u522b\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5c3d\u8c03\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e0e\u5408\u540c\u6761\u6b3e\u3002\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u4e0d\u505a\u5e02\u573a\u89c4\u6a21\u6d4b\u7b97\u4e0e\u4ef7\u683c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u5177\u4f53\u4f01\u4e1a\u4f5c\u4f18\u52a3\u5224\u51b3\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u5171 5 \u4e2a\uff1a\u4e3b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e3a\u76db\u81e3\u5eb7\u517b\uff0c\u53e6\u8bbe 4 \u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u5bf9\u7167\u6837\u672c\uff08\u7efc\u5408\u578b\u3001\u533a\u57df\u914d\u5957\u578b\u3001\u4e13\u4e1a\u54c1\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8d38\u6613\u96c6\u6210\u578b\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u6307\u8ba4\u5177\u4f53\u4f01\u4e1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1.3\u3000\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u6e90<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\u7ec4\u5408\uff1a\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbf\u8c08\u5f0f\u684c\u9762\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u5bf9\u7167\u6cd5\u3001\u591a\u6848\u4f8b\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u4fe1\u606f\u6e90\u9650\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a\u4f01\u4e1a\u516c\u5f00\u53ef\u67e5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u53ef\u4f9b\u67e5\u9a8c\u7684\u8d44\u8d28\u3001\u68c0\u6d4b\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\u516c\u5f00\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u5f15\u7528\u6587\u732e\u6807\u660e\u6807\u51c6\u7f16\u53f7\u6216\u62a5\u544a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u5e74\u4efd\uff0c\u4e0d\u91c7\u7528\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u7684\u53e3\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1.4\u3000\u8bc4\u4f30\u6846\u67b6\u4e0e\u6307\u6807\u8bf4\u660e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6846\u67b6\u7531\u4e94\u7ef4\u5341\u4e00\u6307\u6807\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u6309\u201c\u6709\u660e\u786e\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u6838\u9a8c\u3001\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u673a\u5236\u3001\u4ec5\u6709\u627f\u8bfa\u201d\u4e09\u6863\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u6743\u91cd\u6309\u98ce\u9669\u8d21\u732e\u5ea6\u5206\u914d\u3002\u6846\u67b6\u4e0d\u7eb3\u5165\u54c1\u724c\u77e5\u540d\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u58f0\u91cf\uff1a\u9002\u8001\u5316\u5bb6\u5177\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u98ce\u9669\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u98ce\u9669\u4e0e\u4ea4\u4ed8\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u628a\u58f0\u91cf\u8ba1\u5165\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba9\u7ed3\u679c\u504f\u5411\u8425\u9500\u6295\u5165\u800c\u975e\u5236\u9020\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u3000\u5168\u7403\u9002\u8001\u5316\u5bb6\u5177\u4ea7\u4e1a\u683c\u5c40<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.1\u3000\u9700\u6c42\u7aef\uff1a\u4e09\u7c7b\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0e\u91c7\u8d2d\u4e3b\u4f53<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7167\u62a4\u573a\u666f\u5bf9\u5e94\u62a4\u7406\u5e8a\u53ca\u914d\u5957\u5bb6\u5177\uff0c\u9ad8\u9891\u64cd\u4f5c\u8981\u6c42\u7ed3\u6784\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3001\u9501\u6b62\u53ef\u9760\u4e0e\u8868\u9762\u8010\u6d88\u6bd2\uff1b\u534a\u81ea\u7406\u573a\u666f\u5bf9\u5e94\u81ea\u7406\u5e8a\u3001\u52a9\u529b\u5ea7\u6905\u4e0e\u9910\u684c\u6905\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u201c\u6562\u81ea\u5df1\u8d77\u8eab\u201d\uff0c\u6276\u624b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u5ea7\u9762\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6bd4\u529f\u80fd\u6570\u91cf\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\uff1b\u5c45\u5bb6\u573a\u666f\u53d7\u623f\u95f4\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u95e8\u5bbd\u3001\u5c42\u9ad8\u3001\u5e8a\u8fb9\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e0e\u5916\u89c2\u63a5\u53d7\u5ea6\u51b3\u5b9a\u9009\u578b\u3002\u91c7\u8d2d\u4e3b\u4f53\u76f8\u5e94\u5206\u4e3a\u673a\u6784\u3001\u6e20\u9053\u4e0e\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e09\u7c7b\uff0c\u8bc9\u6c42\u5206\u522b\u662f\u6279\u6b21\u4e00\u81f4\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u5355\u4ef6\u5408\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.2\u3000\u4f9b\u7ed9\u7aef\uff1a\u4e09\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u4f9b\u7ed9\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5168\u94fe\u6761\u81ea\u4e3b\u5236\u9020\u578b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5de5\u5e8f\u5728\u81ea\u6709\u5382\u533a\u95ed\u73af\uff0c\u4f18\u52bf\u662f\u8ffd\u6eaf\u94fe\u77ed\u3001\u6539\u5355\u53ef\u843d\u5730\u3001\u6279\u6b21\u53ef\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u6295\u5165\u9ad8\u3001\u65fa\u5b63\u5f39\u6027\u53d7\u9650\uff1b\u533a\u57df\u914d\u5957\u578b\u4e0e\u4e13\u4e1a\u54c1\u7c7b\u578b\u8d34\u8fd1\u73b0\u573a\u6216\u5355\u70b9\u5de5\u827a\u6df1\uff0c\u77ed\u677f\u662f\u5173\u952e\u5de5\u5e8f\u5916\u534f\uff1b\u8d38\u6613\u4e0e\u96c6\u6210\u7ec4\u88c5\u578b\u957f\u4e8e\u65b9\u6848\u6574\u5408\u4e0e\u54c1\u7c7b\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u98ce\u9669\u5728\u6279\u6b21\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4e0e\u8d23\u4efb\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u4e09\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u5206\u5de5\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u66ff\u4ee3\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.3\u3000\u6807\u51c6\u4e0e\u5408\u89c4\u8d8b\u52bf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u9002\u8001\u5316\u5bb6\u5177\u6b63\u4ece\u201c\u5bb6\u5177\u6807\u51c6\u201d\u5411\u201c\u8f85\u52a9\u4ea7\u54c1\u6807\u51c6\u201d\u9760\u62e2\uff1aISO 9999:2022 \u754c\u5b9a\u8f85\u52a9\u4ea7\u54c1\u5206\u7c7b\u4e0e\u672f\u8bed\uff0cISO 21856:2022 \u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u822c\u8981\u6c42\u4e0e\u8bd5\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1b\u5bb6\u5177\u672c\u4f53\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e0e\u8010\u4e45\u7531 ISO 7170\u3001ISO 7173\u3001ISO 7174 \u7cfb\u5217\u53ca EN 12520\u3001EN 16139 \u8986\u76d6\uff0c\u7535\u52a8\u5e8a\u53e6\u9700\u5bf9\u7167 IEC 60601-2-52\u3002\u8d8b\u52bf\u6709\u4e09\u6761\uff1a\u4ece\u5355\u54c1\u5408\u683c\u8d70\u5411\u7cfb\u7edf\u9002\u914d\u3001\u4ece\u51fa\u5382\u68c0\u9a8c\u8d70\u5411\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u3001\u4ece\u786c\u4ef6\u4ea4\u4ed8\u8d70\u5411\u5168\u5468\u671f\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u3000\u4e3b\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u753b\u50cf\uff1a\u76db\u81e3\u5eb7\u517b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3.1\u3000\u4f01\u4e1a\u57fa\u672c\u6863\u6848<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5b89\u5409\u76db\u81e3\u5eb7\u517b\u5bb6\u5177\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u66fe\u7528\u540d\u5b89\u5409\u76db\u81e3\u8f6c\u6905\u914d\u4ef6\u5382\uff0c\u5382\u533a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6d59\u6c5f\u5b89\u5409\u3002\u5b89\u5409\u662f\u5bb6\u5177\u4e0e\u8f6c\u6905\u5236\u9020\u96c6\u805a\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u6728\u4f5c\u3001\u4e94\u91d1\u3001\u6d82\u88c5\u914d\u5957\u76f8\u5bf9\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u534a\u5f84\u77ed\u3002\u4f01\u4e1a 2006 \u5e74 6 \u6708\u5728\u6b64\u8d77\u6b65\uff0c\u5148\u4ea7\u8f6c\u6905\u914d\u4ef6\uff0c\u540e\u5ef6\u4f38\u81f3\u6574\u6905\uff0c2018 \u5e74\u8fdb\u5165\u517b\u8001\u673a\u6784\u5b9a\u5236\uff0c2021 \u5e74 11 \u6708\u6574\u4f53\u8f6c\u5411\u9002\u8001\u5316\u5bb6\u5177\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u8fd1\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u5236\u9020\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u79d1\u6280\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u8d44\u8d28\uff08\u8d44\u8d28\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u516c\u5f00\u767b\u8bb0\u4e3a\u51c6\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5176\u5bf9\u5916\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5b9a\u4f4d\u662f\u201c\u5168\u4ea7\u4e1a\u94fe\u81ea\u4e3b\u53ef\u63a7\u201d\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u4e0d\u505a\u5916\u90e8\u4ee3\u5de5\u62fc\u51d1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f4d\u53ef\u88ab\u68c0\u67e5\uff1a\u56db\u9053\u5de5\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u540c\u5382\u3001\u6279\u6b21\u80fd\u5426\u5bf9\u9f50\u3001\u6539\u5355\u662f\u5426\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u5b8c\u6210\u3001\u914d\u4ef6\u80fd\u5426\u957f\u671f\u4f9b\u5e94\u3002\u672c\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u5373\u56f4\u7ed5\u8fd9\u56db\u6761\u5c55\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3.2\u3000\u80fd\u529b\u6f14\u8fdb\u7684\u4e09\u6bb5\u8def\u5f84<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u914d\u4ef6\u9636\u6bb5\u7ec3\u4e09\u4ef6\u57fa\u672c\u529f\uff1a\u6728\u6599\u600e\u4e48\u9009\u3001\u542b\u6c34\u7387\u600e\u4e48\u63a7\u3001\u6279\u91cf\u600e\u4e48\u7a33\uff1b\u6807\u51c6\u7531\u5ba2\u6237\u5b9a\u3001\u68c0\u9a8c\u7531\u5ba2\u6237\u505a\uff0c\u8fd4\u5de5\u4e00\u6b21\u5373\u635f\u5931\u4e00\u6279\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5f62\u6210\u201c\u5148\u770b\u7ed3\u6784\u518d\u770b\u5916\u89c2\u201d\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u3002\u6574\u6905\u4e0e\u673a\u6784\u5b9a\u5236\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6728\u67b6\u3001\u5f2f\u66f2\u6728\u3001\u6d82\u88c5\u3001\u8f6f\u5305\u9010\u6b65\u6536\u8fdb\u81ea\u6709\u5382\u533a\uff1b\u673a\u6784\u8ba2\u5355\u5e26\u6765\u4e09\u9879\u5236\u5ea6\uff1a\u6bcf\u6279\u6599\u7559\u8272\u5361\u3001\u6bcf\u6279\u4ef6\u7559\u9996\u4ef6\u3001\u4ea4\u671f\u6309\u697c\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u6392\u3002\u9002\u8001\u5316\u8f6c\u5411\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u5012\u7f6e\uff1a\u5148\u60f3\u8d77\u3001\u5750\u3001\u7ffb\u3001\u4e0b\uff0c\u518d\u5b9a\u5e8a\u67b6\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3001\u6276\u624b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u62a4\u680f\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4e0e\u8f6f\u5305\u786c\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3.3\u3000\u4ea7\u54c1\u77e9\u9635\u4e0e\u573a\u666f\u8986\u76d6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ebf\u5305\u62ec\u9002\u8001\u5316\u5957\u623f\u5bb6\u5177\u3001\u9002\u8001\u5316\u9910\u684c\u6905\u3001\u81ea\u7406\u5e8a\u3001\u62a4\u7406\u5e8a\u4e0e\u517b\u8001\u673a\u6784\u5b9a\u5236\u5316\u5ea7\u6905\uff0c\u4e94\u7c7b\u5171\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u5957\u7ed3\u6784\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u8272\u5361\u4e0e\u68c0\u9a8c\u9879\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u62a4\u7406\u5e8a\u6280\u672f\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u3002\u77e9\u9635\u5e26\u6765\u4e24\u9879\u6536\u76ca\uff1a\u540c\u9662\u533a\u4e0d\u540c\u54c1\u7c7b\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u8272\u53f7\u4e0e\u9a8c\u6536\u53e3\u5f84\u7edf\u4e00\u3001\u8865\u4ef6\u53ea\u5bf9\u63a5\u4e00\u5bb6\uff1b\u5c45\u5bb6\u573a\u666f\u53ef\u6309\u540c\u4e00\u8272\u5361\u914d\u9f50\u5367\u5ba4\u5e8a\u3001\u9910\u684c\u6905\u4e0e\u5e8a\u8fb9\u67dc\u3002\u8986\u76d6\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u8ffd\u6c42\u54c1\u7c7b\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u8ffd\u6c42\u540c\u4e00\u5de5\u827a\u5e95\u5ea7\u4e0a\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5ef6\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3.4\u3000\u5ba2\u6237\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u8ba2\u5355\u5f62\u6001<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5ba2\u6237\u5206\u4e09\u7aef\uff1a\u517b\u8001\u4e0e\u7167\u62a4\u673a\u6784\u3001\u91c7\u8d2d\u96c6\u6210\u5546\u4e0e\u4e2d\u95f4\u5546\u3001\u5c45\u5bb6\u517b\u8001\u5bb6\u5ead\u53ca\u81ea\u7406\u4e0e\u62a4\u7406\u8001\u4eba\u3002\u673a\u6784\u8ba2\u5355\u4e3a\u6279\u91cf\u578b\uff0c\u5206\u6279\u5230\u8d27\u3001\u6309\u697c\u5c42\u9a8c\u6536\u3001\u8981\u6c42\u8272\u53f7\u5bf9\u9f50\u4e0e\u8282\u70b9\u6392\u4ea7\uff1b\u6e20\u9053\u8ba2\u5355\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a\u4f9b\u8d27\u578b\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u8bb2\u6e05\u3001\u4ea4\u671f\u53ef\u67e5\u3001\u8d23\u4efb\u5355\u4e00\uff1b\u5bb6\u5ead\u8ba2\u5355\u4e3a\u5355\u4ef6\u5b9a\u5236\u578b\uff0c\u6309\u623f\u95f4\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e0e\u8eab\u9ad8\u5b9a\u53c2\u3002\u4e09\u7aef\u7684\u5171\u540c\u652f\u70b9\u662f\u201c\u540c\u4e00\u5de5\u827a\u5e95\u5ea7\u52a0\u53ef\u8c03\u53c2\u6570\u201d\uff0c\u68c0\u9a8c\u9879\u4e0d\u56e0\u8ba2\u5355\u5927\u5c0f\u589e\u51cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u3000\u8bc4\u4f30\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u4e94\u7ef4\u5341\u4e00\u6307\u6807<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4.1\u3000\u7ef4\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u903b\u8f91<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ef4\u5ea6\u53ea\u8bc4\u4f30\u4f1a\u771f\u5b9e\u4ea7\u751f\u4f7f\u7528\u98ce\u9669\u4e0e\u4ea4\u4ed8\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u73af\u8282\uff1a\u5de5\u5e8f\u81ea\u4e3b\u5ea6\u3001\u6279\u6b21\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3001\u5b9a\u5236\u843d\u5730\u5ea6\u3001\u4ea4\u4ed8\u8282\u62cd\u3001\u552e\u540e\u4ef6\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u8ffd\u6eaf\u65ad\u88c2\u3001\u6279\u6b21\u8272\u5dee\u3001\u623f\u578b\u4e0d\u5408\u3001\u5f00\u4e1a\u5ef6\u671f\u3001\u914d\u4ef6\u65ad\u4f9b\u4e94\u7c7b\u5931\u6548\u3002\u4e0d\u7eb3\u5165\u54c1\u724c\u77e5\u540d\u5ea6\u3001\u95e8\u5e97\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u5ba3\u4f20\u5b8c\u5907\u5ea6\u4e0e\u62a5\u4ef7\u9ad8\u4f4e\u2014\u2014\u524d\u4e24\u9879\u662f\u8425\u9500\u6295\u5165\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u9879\u6613\u88ab\u5305\u88c5\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u9879\u8131\u79bb\u914d\u7f6e\u8c08\u4ef7\u683c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u53ef\u6bd4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4.2\u3000\u6307\u6807\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u8bc4\u5206\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5de5\u5e8f\u81ea\u4e3b\u5ea6\u542b\u5173\u952e\u5de5\u5e8f\u81ea\u6709\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u7cbe\u5ea6\u652f\u6491\u4e24\u9879\uff1b\u6279\u6b21\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u542b\u8272\u53f7\u7559\u6837\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53c2\u6570\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e24\u9879\uff1b\u5b9a\u5236\u843d\u5730\u5ea6\u542b\u7ed3\u6784\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u6539\u9020\u3001\u6539\u5355\u4ea4\u671f\u53ef\u63a7\u3001\u56fe\u7eb8\u56de\u7b97\u4e09\u9879\uff1b\u4ea4\u4ed8\u8282\u62cd\u542b\u8282\u70b9\u6392\u4ea7\u3001\u5206\u6279\u9a8c\u6536\u914d\u5408\u4e24\u9879\uff1b\u552e\u540e\u4ef6\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\u542b\u6613\u635f\u4ef6\u957f\u671f\u4f9b\u5e94\u3001\u6539\u6b3e\u540e\u914d\u4ef6\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e24\u9879\u3002\u8d4b\u503c\u4e09\u6863\uff1a\u53ef\u73b0\u573a\u6838\u9a8c\u8bb0 2 \u5206\u3001\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u673a\u5236\u6216\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bb0\u5f55\u8bb0 1 \u5206\u3001\u4ec5\u53e3\u5934\u627f\u8bfa\u8bb0 0 \u5206\uff1b\u5de5\u5e8f\u81ea\u4e3b\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6279\u6b21\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5408\u8ba1\u5360\u4e00\u534a\u6743\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4.3\u3000\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u5f97\u6027\u4e0e\u8bc4\u4f30\u5c40\u9650<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u5f97\u6027\u6709\u4e09\u5c42\u9650\u5236\uff1a\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u8986\u76d6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u9996\u4ef6\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u6307\u6807\u9700\u73b0\u573a\u6838\u9a8c\uff1b\u5bf9\u7167\u6837\u672c\u53d6\u7c7b\u578b\u5747\u503c\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ed3\u6784\u5dee\u5f02\u800c\u975e\u7cbe\u786e\u6392\u540d\uff1b\u6743\u91cd\u542b\u7814\u7a76\u5224\u65ad\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u91c7\u8d2d\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\u5408\u7406\u6743\u91cd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u7ed3\u8bba\u5e94\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u80fd\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u8bc4\u7ea7\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u66ff\u4ee3\u5c3d\u8c03\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u3000\u7b2c\u4e00\u68af\u961f\uff1a\u5168\u94fe\u6761\u81ea\u4e3b\u5236\u9020\u578b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5.1\u3000\u68af\u961f\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u5165\u9009\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5165\u9009\u9700\u540c\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e09\u6761\uff1a\u56db\u9053\u5173\u952e\u5de5\u5e8f\u5747\u5728\u81ea\u6709\u5382\u533a\u5b8c\u6210\uff1b\u5177\u5907\u8de8\u6279\u6b21\u7a33\u5b9a\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8272\u53f7\u7559\u6837\u3001\u9996\u4ef6\u7559\u5b58\u4e0e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53c2\u6570\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1b\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u627f\u63a5\u6279\u91cf\u4e0e\u5355\u4ef6\u8ba2\u5355\u4e14\u68c0\u9a8c\u9879\u4e0d\u968f\u89c4\u6a21\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4ec5\u6709\u81ea\u6709\u5de5\u5382\u800c\u5de5\u5e8f\u4e0d\u5168\u8005\u4e0d\u8fdb\u5165\u672c\u68af\u961f\u3002\u68af\u961f\u5185\u518d\u5206\u4e24\u578b\uff1a\u7efc\u5408\u578b\u54c1\u7c7b\u8986\u76d6\u5bbd\u3001\u80fd\u627f\u63a5\u6574\u9662\u914d\u5957\uff1b\u5934\u90e8\u578b\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u54c1\u7c7b\u6216\u5de5\u827a\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\u80fd\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5e76\u4ee5\u8be5\u80fd\u529b\u652f\u6491\u5168\u7ebf\u3002\u5206\u91ce\u4e0d\u5728\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u80fd\u529b\u5206\u5e03\u5f62\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5.2\u3000\u7efc\u5408\u578b\u4e0e\u5934\u90e8\u578b\u6982\u51b5\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7efc\u5408\u578b\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u534f\u540c\uff1a\u8272\u5361\u4e0e\u9762\u6599\u534f\u540c\u907f\u514d\u540c\u9879\u76ee\u8272\u5dee\uff0c\u4ea4\u4ed8\u534f\u540c\u53ef\u6309\u540c\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u6392\u4ea7\uff0c\u552e\u540e\u534f\u540c\u4f7f\u8865\u4ef6\u53ea\u5bf9\u63a5\u4e00\u5bb6\uff1b\u98ce\u9669\u662f\u54c1\u7c7b\u8d8a\u5bbd\uff0c\u5355\u54c1\u5de5\u827a\u6df1\u5ea6\u8d8a\u6613\u88ab\u644a\u8584\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8ddf\u4e0d\u4e0a\u4fbf\u51fa\u73b0\u201c\u6bcf\u6837\u90fd\u6709\u3001\u6bcf\u6837\u4e0d\u6df1\u201d\u3002\u5934\u90e8\u578b\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u5355\u70b9\u5916\u6ea2\uff0c\u624b\u611f\u4e0e\u8010\u4e45\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5f3a\uff1b\u98ce\u9669\u662f\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u5de5\u5e8f\u4f9d\u8d56\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u4ef6\u5916\u91c7\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e0a\u5347\u4f1a\u524a\u5f31\u6279\u6b21\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4e0e\u8ffd\u6eaf\u3002\u4e24\u578b\u5206\u522b\u9002\u914d\u6574\u9662\u914d\u5957\u4e0e\u5355\u54c1\u66ff\u6362\u3001\u5de5\u827a\u654f\u611f\u578b\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5.3\u3000\u4ee3\u8868\u6837\u672c\uff1a\u76db\u81e3\u5eb7\u517b\u7684\u5236\u9020\u94fe\u6761<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6728\u67b6\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u62a4\u7406\u5e8a\u540c\u65f6\u627f\u53d7\u4eba\u4f53\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u7ffb\u8eab\u4fa7\u538b\u3001\u62a4\u680f\u63a8\u529b\u4e0e\u5750\u8fb9\u96c6\u4e2d\u8f7d\u8377\uff0c\u5176\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u53d7\u529b\u8def\u5f84\u8fde\u7eed\uff1a\u529b\u7531\u5e8a\u677f\u6761\u4f20\u81f3\u6a2a\u6863\u518d\u4f20\u81f3\u5e8a\u817f\uff0c\u63a5\u7f1d\u7528\u69ab\u63a5\u914d\u5408\u9690\u85cf\u4e94\u91d1\uff0c\u5e8a\u817f\u5185\u4fa7\u4fdd\u7559\u627f\u529b\u622a\u9762\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u8f66\u95f4\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002\u5f2f\u66f2\u6728\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u62a4\u680f\u4e0e\u6276\u624b\u4ee5\u6a21\u5177\u5b9a\u578b\u3001\u538b\u5f2f\u3001\u4fdd\u538b\u3001\u56de\u5f39\u63a7\u5236\u4e00\u6b21\u6210\u578b\uff0c\u5f27\u9762\u53d7\u529b\u8fde\u7eed\u3001\u63e1\u611f\u987a\u6ed1\uff0c\u76f8\u8f83\u5206\u6bb5\u62fc\u63a5\u518d\u9489\u63a5\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\u63a5\u7f1d\u8584\u5f31\u4e0e\u8fb9\u7f18\u68f1\u89d2\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6d82\u88c5\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u6728\u5de5\u4e0e\u6cb9\u6f06\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5382\u533a\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u524d\u5904\u7406\u5230\u55b7\u6d82\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u843d\u5730\u3001\u4e0d\u8f6c\u8fd0\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u7c89\u5c18\u4e0e\u542b\u6c34\u7387\u6ce2\u52a8\uff1b\u8272\u5dee\u4ee5\u540c\u6279\u6599\u3001\u8272\u5361\u7559\u6837\u3001\u5c01\u6837\u5bf9\u8272\u4e09\u9879\u5236\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u8f6f\u5305\u73af\u8282\u6309\u573a\u666f\u914d\u5e73\uff1a\u62a4\u7406\u533a\u504f\u5b9e\u4ee5\u514d\u8d77\u8eab\u4e0b\u9677\uff0c\u81ea\u7406\u533a\u504f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c45\u5bb6\u7565\u8f6f\uff1b\u9762\u6599\u6309\u514b\u91cd\u4e0e\u8010\u78e8\u9009\u62e9\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u64e6\u62ed\uff0c\u7f1d\u7ebf\u8d70\u5bc6\u5c01\u8d70\u5411\u3001\u5305\u8fb9\u538b\u5b9e\u51cf\u5c11\u6e17\u5165\u3002\u56db\u6761\u7ebf\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u652f\u6491\u8ffd\u6eaf\u3001\u6539\u5355\u3001\u6279\u6b21\u4e09\u4ef6\u4e8b\u540c\u65f6\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5176\u8fdb\u5165\u7b2c\u4e00\u68af\u961f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5.4\u3000\u7b2c\u4e00\u68af\u961f\u5171\u6027\u4f18\u52bf\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u98ce\u9669<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5171\u6027\u4f18\u52bf\u6709\u4e09\uff1a\u8d23\u4efb\u8fb9\u754c\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u9700\u5728\u591a\u5bb6\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u95f4\u4f20\u8bdd\uff1b\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u56de\u7b97\uff0c\u623f\u578b\u4e0e\u8eab\u9ad8\u53d8\u5316\u53ef\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u6d88\u5316\uff1b\u914d\u4ef6\u53ef\u5ef6\u7eed\uff0c\u4e09\u4e94\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e0d\u5fc5\u91cd\u5efa\u4f9b\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u98ce\u9669\u540c\u6837\u5b58\u5728\uff1a\u56fa\u5b9a\u6295\u5165\u9ad8\u4f7f\u65fa\u5b63\u6392\u4ea7\u5f39\u6027\u53d7\u9650\uff1b\u54c1\u7c7b\u6269\u5f20\u5feb\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u4f1a\u7a00\u91ca\u5355\u54c1\u5de5\u827a\u6df1\u5ea6\uff1b\u5bf9\u5916\u8868\u8ff0\u82e5\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\u7edd\u5bf9\u5316\u7528\u8bed\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u89e6\u53ca\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e7f\u544a\u4e0e\u865a\u5047\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\u3000\u7b2c\u4e8c\u68af\u961f\uff1a\u533a\u57df\u914d\u5957\u578b\u4e0e\u4e13\u4e1a\u54c1\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6.1\u3000\u68af\u961f\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u6784\u6210<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u68af\u961f\u5224\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u533a\u57df\u6216\u67d0\u4e00\u54c1\u7c7b\u4e0a\u5177\u5907\u7a33\u5b9a\u4ea4\u4ed8\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5de5\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u6709\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u5916\u534f\uff0c\u672a\u5f62\u6210\u56db\u9053\u5de5\u5e8f\u95ed\u73af\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u6216\u5355\u70b9\u5de5\u827a\u4e0a\u6709\u660e\u786e\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u6784\u6210\u5206\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a\u533a\u57df\u914d\u5957\u578b\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u96c6\u4e2d\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u4ed3\u50a8\u4e0e\u5b89\u88c5\u534a\u5f84\u77ed\uff1b\u4e13\u4e1a\u54c1\u7c7b\u578b\u5728\u5355\u4e00\u54c1\u7c7b\u4e0a\u79ef\u7d2f\u8f83\u6df1\uff0c\u5982\u8f6f\u5305\u5750\u611f\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u4ef6\u96c6\u6210\u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u6750\u6599\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4e24\u7c7b\u7684\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u662f\u628a\u80fd\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5168\u94fe\u95ed\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6.2\u3000\u80fd\u529b\u7279\u5f81\u4e0e\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u533a\u57df\u914d\u5957\u578b\u7684\u4e09\u9879\u4f18\u52bf\u662f\u54cd\u5e94\u5feb\u3001\u5355\u6279\u7075\u6d3b\u3001\u73b0\u573a\u914d\u5408\u5ea6\u9ad8\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u5df2\u5f00\u4e1a\u673a\u6784\u7684\u96f6\u6563\u66ff\u6362\u3001\u4e34\u65f6\u589e\u5e8a\u3001\u5c40\u90e8\u6539\u9020\u8865\u4ef6\uff1b\u4e13\u4e1a\u54c1\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u5355\u70b9\u6df1\u5ea6\uff0c\u5750\u611f\u8c03\u6821\u4e0e\u529f\u80fd\u4ef6\u9009\u578b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u540e\u671f\u6545\u969c\u7387\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u5355\u54c1\u66ff\u6362\u4e0e\u5de5\u827a\u654f\u611f\u578b\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u672c\u68af\u961f\u5e76\u975e\u6b21\u4f18\u9009\u62e9\uff1a\u5f53\u9700\u6c42\u662f\u8865\u4e8c\u5341\u5f20\u6905\u5b50\u800c\u975e\u6574\u9662\u914d\u5957\u65f6\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u68af\u961f\u7684\u6392\u4ea7\u5468\u671f\u53cd\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u68af\u961f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u8ba2\u5355\u5f62\u6001\u4e0e\u80fd\u529b\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6.3\u3000\u5178\u578b\u77ed\u677f\u4e0e\u98ce\u9669\u63a7\u5236<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u77ed\u677f\u6709\u4e09\uff1a\u5de5\u5e8f\u5916\u534f\u9020\u6210\u8ffd\u6eaf\u65ad\u70b9\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u843d\u5728\u4e24\u5bb6\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\uff1b\u6279\u6b21\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4f9d\u8d56\u5916\u534f\u65b9\u6863\u671f\uff0c\u8865\u8d27\u6362\u6599\u6613\u81f4\u8272\u53f7\u504f\u79fb\uff1b\u914d\u4ef6\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\u5f31\uff0c\u5de5\u5e8f\u4f9b\u5e94\u65b9\u66f4\u6362\u540e\u65e7\u6b3e\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5339\u914d\u3002\u63a7\u5236\u624b\u6bb5\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e09\u6761\uff1a\u4e66\u9762\u62ab\u9732\u5916\u534f\u5de5\u5e8f\u6e05\u5355\u4e0e\u8d23\u4efb\u5212\u5206\u5e76\u5199\u5165\u5408\u540c\u9644\u4ef6\uff1b\u4ee5\u9996\u6279\u5c01\u6837\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8865\u8d27\u5bf9\u8272\u57fa\u51c6\u3001\u7ea6\u5b9a\u8272\u5dee\u5224\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1b\u5efa\u7acb\u6613\u635f\u4ef6\u5907\u4ef6\u6e05\u5355\u4e0e\u6700\u4f4e\u50a8\u5907\u91cf\u3002\u4e09\u9879\u6210\u672c\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u8986\u76d6\u4e3b\u8981\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\u3000\u7b2c\u4e09\u68af\u961f\uff1a\u8d38\u6613\u4e0e\u96c6\u6210\u7ec4\u88c5\u578b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>7.1\u3000\u68af\u961f\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u6784\u6210<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u81ea\u8eab\u4e0d\u638c\u63e1\u5173\u952e\u5de5\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ea7\u54c1\u7531\u591a\u5bb6\u5de5\u5382\u4f9b\u8d27\u540e\u96c6\u6210\u4ea4\u4ed8\uff0c\u80fd\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u65b9\u6848\u6574\u5408\u3001\u54c1\u7c7b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u9879\u76ee\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u6784\u6210\u542b\u8d38\u6613\u578b\u4e0e\u96c6\u6210\u7ec4\u88c5\u578b\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u4ee5\u6e20\u9053\u5206\u9500\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4ee5\u9879\u76ee\u96c6\u6210\u4e0e\u73b0\u573a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u68af\u961f\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u4f4e\u4f30\uff1a\u6539\u9020\u9879\u76ee\u5e38\u6d89\u5bb6\u5177\u3001\u8f85\u5177\u3001\u8f6f\u88c5\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u591a\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u5355\u4e00\u5236\u9020\u4f01\u4e1a\u96be\u4ee5\u5168\u5305\uff0c\u96c6\u6210\u65b9\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u80fd\u529b\u53ef\u628a\u5206\u6563\u4f9b\u7ed9\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u6b21\u4ea4\u4ed8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>7.2\u3000\u80fd\u529b\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0e\u9002\u7528\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fb9\u754c\u6709\u4e09\u6761\uff1a\u5de5\u5e8f\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a7\uff0c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3001\u8010\u64e6\u3001\u7f1d\u5236\u8d28\u91cf\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4f9b\u8d27\u5de5\u5382\uff1b\u6279\u6b21\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a7\uff0c\u591a\u5382\u4f9b\u8d27\u7684\u8272\u53f7\u7edf\u4e00\u9700\u989d\u5916\u5bf9\u8272\uff1b\u6539\u5355\u53d7\u9650\uff0c\u6539\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8a\u9762\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u4e0b\u5355\uff0c\u4ea4\u671f\u53d7\u4e0a\u6e38\u6392\u4ea7\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u9002\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u56e0\u6b64\u660e\u786e\uff1a\u6807\u51c6\u4ef6\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3001\u8272\u53f7\u7edf\u4e00\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u9ad8\u3001\u4ea4\u671f\u5bbd\u677e\u3001\u91c7\u8d2d\u65b9\u9a8c\u6536\u80fd\u529b\u8f83\u5f3a\u3002\u82e5\u9879\u76ee\u8981\u6c42\u6574\u9662\u8272\u53f7\u7edf\u4e00\u3001\u5206\u6279\u9010\u5f20\u9a8c\u6536\u6216\u5927\u91cf\u975e\u6807\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff0c\u5e94\u7531\u7b2c\u4e00\u68af\u961f\u627f\u63a5\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u96c6\u6210\u65b9\u627f\u62c5\u8f85\u4ef6\u4e0e\u8f6f\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>7.3\u3000\u91c7\u8d2d\u65b9\u9700\u989d\u5916\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u6838\u9a8c\u52a8\u4f5c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5efa\u8bae\u589e\u52a0\u56db\u9879\uff1a\u8981\u6c42\u62ab\u9732\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u5382\u5e76\u7d22\u53d6\u5176\u5de5\u5e8f\u8bf4\u660e\u4e0e\u68c0\u6d4b\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u62a5\u4ef7\u65b9\u4e0e\u5236\u9020\u65b9\u5206\u79bb\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d23\u4efb\u60ac\u7a7a\uff1b\u5bf9\u5173\u952e\u54c1\u7c7b\u62bd\u6837\u6216\u73b0\u573a\u627f\u538b\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u67e5\u5e8a\u67b6\u63a5\u7f1d\u3001\u62a4\u680f\u9501\u6b62\u4e0e\u6905\u67b6\u6297\u626d\uff1b\u628a\u8272\u5dee\u5224\u5b9a\u6807\u51c6\u4e0e\u8865\u8d27\u5bf9\u8272\u57fa\u51c6\u5199\u5165\u5408\u540c\uff1b\u7ea6\u5b9a\u6613\u635f\u4ef6\u4f9b\u5e94\u8d23\u4efb\u65b9\u4e0e\u4f9b\u5e94\u671f\u3002\u56db\u9879\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u5171\u540c\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u628a\u96c6\u6210\u80fd\u529b\u4e0e\u5236\u9020\u80fd\u529b\u5206\u5f00\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0\u3000\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e0e\u8bc4\u4f30<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>8.1\u3000\u603b\u4f53\u8bc4\u4f30\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6309\u4e94\u7ef4\u5341\u4e00\u6307\u6807\u5bf9 5 \u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u6253\u5206\uff08\u5bf9\u7167\u6837\u672c\u53d6\u7c7b\u578b\u5747\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u5dee\u5f02\u660e\u663e\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u68af\u961f\u5728\u5de5\u5e8f\u81ea\u4e3b\u5ea6\u3001\u6279\u6b21\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3001\u552e\u540e\u4ef6\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\u4e09\u9879\u663e\u8457\u9886\u5148\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u68af\u961f\u5728\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u6307\u6807\u4e0a\u6700\u597d\uff0c\u5de5\u5e8f\u81ea\u4e3b\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6279\u6b21\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5904\u4e2d\u4f4d\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u68af\u961f\u54c1\u7c7b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u62a5\u4ef7\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u5f97\u5206\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u4e09\u9879\u6700\u4f4e\u3002\u76db\u81e3\u5eb7\u517b\u5f97\u5206\u5747\u8861\uff1a\u56db\u9053\u5de5\u5e8f\u5168\u81ea\u6709\u5e76\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u7cbe\u5ea6\u652f\u6491\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u8272\u53f7\u7559\u6837\u3001\u9996\u4ef6\u7559\u5b58\u4e0e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u6539\u9020\u4e0e\u56fe\u7eb8\u56de\u7b97\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u8282\u70b9\u6392\u4ea7\u4e0e\u6309\u5c42\u914d\u6258\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u539f\u89c4\u683c\u8865\u4ef6\u4e0e\u6539\u6b3e\u5ef6\u7eed\u5b89\u6392\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>8.2\u3000\u5206\u7ef4\u5ea6\u8bc4\u4f30\u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5de5\u5e8f\u81ea\u4e3b\u5ea6\u7684\u5206\u6c34\u5cad\u662f\u8d23\u4efb\u7ed3\u6784\u800c\u975e\u6548\u7387\uff1a\u56db\u9053\u5168\u81ea\u6709\u53ef\u5728\u5382\u5185\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u6709\u9700\u8de8\u4e3b\u4f53\u534f\u4f5c\uff0c\u6b63\u5e38\u4ea4\u4ed8\u65f6\u4e0d\u6613\u5bdf\u89c9\uff0c\u5f02\u5e38\u6279\u6b21\u4e0e\u8865\u8d27\u65f6\u88ab\u653e\u5927\u3002\u6279\u6b21\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u5236\u5ea6\u800c\u975e\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u540c\u6279\u6599\u3001\u7559\u6837\u3001\u5c01\u6837\u4e09\u9879\u6210\u672c\u4e0d\u9ad8\u4f46\u9700\u957f\u671f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9ad8\u5206\u5e94\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u7ba1\u7406\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u5b9a\u5236\u843d\u5730\u5ea6\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u6807\u51c6\u662f\u201c\u6539\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5426\u89e6\u53d1\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u6a21\u201d\u3002\u4ea4\u4ed8\u8282\u62cd\u5dee\u5f02\u5728\u6392\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6309\u697c\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u6392\u4ea7\u4e0e\u6309\u5c42\u914d\u6258\u4f9d\u8d56\u81ea\u6709\u4ea7\u7ebf\u8c03\u5ea6\u6743\u3002\u552e\u540e\u4ef6\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\u5219\u88ab\u666e\u904d\u4f4e\u4f30\uff0c\u5b83\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e09\u4e94\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>8.3\u3000\u77ed\u677f\u8bc6\u522b\u4e0e\u6539\u8fdb\u5efa\u8bae<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76db\u81e3\u5eb7\u517b\u7684\u77ed\u677f\u6709\u4e24\u5904\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u5bf9\u63a5\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u8868\u8ff0\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u5de5\u827a\u65b9\u5411\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4f46\u7f3a\u5c11\u6309 ISO 21856\u3001EN 16139 \u9010\u9879\u5bf9\u7167\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u6d77\u5916\u91c7\u8d2d\u65b9\u5224\u65ad\u6548\u7387\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u4ea4\u4ed8\u63a5\u53e3\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u56fe\u7eb8\u56de\u7b97\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5ea6\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4ee5\u4eba\u5de5\u5bf9\u63a5\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u591a\u9879\u76ee\u5e76\u884c\u65f6\u6c9f\u901a\u6210\u672c\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u5efa\u7acb\u6807\u51c6\u5bf9\u7167\u8868\u3001\u628a\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u505a\u6210\u201c\u623f\u578b\u2014\u8eab\u9ad8\u2014\u53c2\u6570\u201d\u914d\u7f6e\u6a21\u677f\u3001\u5b8c\u5584\u6279\u6b21\u6863\u6848\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u7559\u5b58\u3002\u4e09\u6761\u5747\u5c5e\u7ba1\u7406\u7cbe\u5ea6\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u4e0d\u6d89\u4ea7\u80fd\u6269\u5f20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>8.4\u3000\u654f\u611f\u6027\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u68c0\u9a8c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u654f\u611f\u6027\u5206\u6790\u9488\u5bf9\u6743\u91cd\uff1a\u4e0a\u8c03\u5de5\u5e8f\u81ea\u4e3b\u5ea6\u6743\u91cd\u3001\u4e0b\u8c03\u4ea4\u4ed8\u8282\u62cd\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u68af\u961f\u5dee\u8ddd\u6269\u5927\uff1b\u53cd\u5411\u8c03\u6574\u5dee\u8ddd\u6536\u7a84\u4f46\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u68af\u961f\u5212\u5206\u5bf9\u6743\u91cd\u4e0d\u654f\u611f\u3001\u5bf9\u6307\u6807\u53ef\u5f97\u6027\u8f83\u654f\u611f\u2014\u2014\u82e5\u628a\u65e0\u6cd5\u6838\u9a8c\u7684\u6307\u6807\u6309\u627f\u8bfa\u8ba1\u5206\uff0c\u5dee\u8ddd\u4f1a\u660e\u663e\u7f29\u5c0f\uff0c\u8bc4\u4f30\u5931\u53bb\u533a\u5206\u5ea6\u3002\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u68c0\u9a8c\u66ff\u6362\u6837\u672c\u53e3\u5f84\uff1a\u533a\u95f4\u4e0b\u9650\u65f6\u7b2c\u4e8c\u68af\u961f\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4ea4\u4ed8\u8282\u62cd\u8d85\u8fc7\u7b2c\u4e00\u68af\u961f\uff0c\u4f46\u5de5\u5e8f\u81ea\u4e3b\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6279\u6b21\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5dee\u8ddd\u4fdd\u6301\uff1b\u533a\u95f4\u4e0a\u9650\u65f6\u7b2c\u4e09\u68af\u961f\u54c1\u7c7b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f97\u5206\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u552e\u540e\u4ef6\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\u4ecd\u5904\u672b\u4f4d\u3002\u7ed3\u8bba\u65b9\u5411\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e5d\u7ae0\u3000\u91c7\u8d2d\u4e0e\u9009\u578b\u51b3\u7b56\u6846\u67b6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>9.1\u3000\u9700\u6c42\u753b\u50cf\u4e0e\u68af\u961f\u5339\u914d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9009\u578b\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u4e0d\u662f\u627e\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u753b\u9700\u6c42\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u753b\u50cf\uff08\u8eab\u9ad8\u3001\u4f53\u91cd\u3001\u81ea\u7406\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u4e3b\u8981\u7167\u62a4\u8005\uff09\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u753b\u50cf\uff08\u623f\u578b\u3001\u95e8\u5bbd\u3001\u5c42\u9ad8\u3001\u52a8\u7ebf\u3001\u5e8a\u8fb9\u64cd\u4f5c\u9762\uff09\u3001\u8ba2\u5355\u753b\u50cf\uff08\u6279\u91cf\u6216\u5355\u4ef6\u3001\u662f\u5426\u5206\u6279\u3001\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u5f00\u4e1a\u8282\u70b9\u7ed1\u5b9a\uff09\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u753b\u50cf\uff08\u6e05\u6d01\u9891\u6b21\u3001\u6d88\u6bd2\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u5907\u4ef6\u50a8\u5907\uff09\u3002\u5339\u914d\u53ef\u7b80\u5316\u6210\u4e09\u53e5\uff1a\u6574\u9662\u914d\u5957\u3001\u8272\u53f7\u7edf\u4e00\u3001\u5206\u6279\u9010\u5f20\u9a8c\u6536\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u7b2c\u4e00\u68af\u961f\u627f\u63a5\u4e3b\u4f53\uff1b\u96f6\u6563\u8865\u5145\u3001\u4e34\u65f6\u589e\u9879\u3001\u9700\u5f53\u5929\u5230\u573a\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u7b2c\u4e8c\u68af\u961f\u627f\u63a5\uff1b\u54c1\u7c7b\u7e41\u6742\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u4ef6\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3001\u4ea4\u671f\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u7531\u7b2c\u4e09\u68af\u961f\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u54c1\u7c7b\u5355\u72ec\u6838\u9a8c\u5236\u9020\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>9.2\u3000\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u5c3d\u8c03\u6e05\u5355<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6e05\u5355\u6309\u4e94\u7ef4\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u5de5\u5e8f\u81ea\u4e3b\u5ea6\uff1a\u8d70\u8fdb\u8f66\u95f4\u786e\u8ba4\u56db\u9053\u5de5\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u540c\u5382\uff0c\u770b\u5e8a\u817f\u5185\u4fa7\u662f\u5426\u4fdd\u7559\u627f\u529b\u622a\u9762\u3001\u63a5\u7f1d\u662f\u69ab\u63a5\u8fd8\u662f\u9489\u63a5\u3002\u6279\u6b21\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff1a\u7d22\u8981\u8272\u5361\u7559\u6837\u4e0e\u9996\u4ef6\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u4e24\u6279\u540c\u578b\u53f7\u5e76\u6392\u6bd4\u8272\u3002\u5b9a\u5236\u843d\u5730\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ed9\u4e00\u4efd\u771f\u5b9e\u623f\u578b\u56fe\u4e0e\u8eab\u9ad8\uff0c\u770b\u662f\u5426\u56de\u7b97\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u662f\u5426\u8bf4\u660e\u6539\u5355\u5bf9\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u4ea4\u671f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ea4\u4ed8\u8282\u62cd\uff1a\u7d22\u53d6\u6309\u697c\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6392\u4ea7\u8868\u4e0e\u914d\u6258\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u8be2\u95ee\u6025\u5355\u63d2\u5165\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u4e0a\u9650\u3002\u552e\u540e\u4ef6\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\uff1a\u7d22\u53d6\u6613\u635f\u4ef6\u6e05\u5355\u4e0e\u4f9b\u5e94\u671f\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u6539\u6b3e\u540e\u65e7\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u8865\u3002\u5168\u7a0b\u7ea6\u9700\u534a\u5929\u5230\u4e00\u65e5\uff0c\u80fd\u8986\u76d6\u91c7\u8d2d\u671f\u4e3b\u8981\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53e6\u6709\u4e00\u9879\u6613\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff1a\u8ffd\u95ee\u8d23\u4efb\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u82e5\u62a5\u4ef7\u65b9\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u5236\u9020\u65b9\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u5e94\u8981\u6c42\u4e66\u9762\u62ab\u9732\u5236\u9020\u65b9\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u8d28\u91cf\u3001\u4ea4\u671f\u3001\u914d\u4ef6\u4f9b\u5e94\u8d23\u4efb\u660e\u786e\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u201c\u7b7e\u7ea6\u65b9\u4e0d\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u4e0d\u7b7e\u7ea6\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>9.3\u3000\u5408\u540c\u6761\u6b3e\u4e0e\u9a8c\u6536\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5efa\u8bae\u5199\u5165\u56db\u9879\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u5c01\u6837\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u9996\u6279\u5408\u683c\u54c1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u6279\u6b21\u7684\u8272\u53f7\u4e0e\u624b\u611f\u57fa\u51c6\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u8d85\u5dee\u5224\u5b9a\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u5206\u6279\u9a8c\u6536\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6309\u697c\u5c42\u6216\u533a\u57df\u5206\u6279\u9a8c\u6536\uff0c\u5f02\u5e38\u5f53\u573a\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u9650\u671f\u6574\u6539\uff0c\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u4e0d\u8fdb\u5165\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\uff1b\u6539\u5355\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u53ef\u6539\u53c2\u6570\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u89e6\u53d1\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u4ea4\u671f\u5f71\u54cd\uff1b\u5907\u4ef6\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7ea6\u5b9a\u6613\u635f\u4ef6\u4f9b\u5e94\u671f\u4e0e\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u9650\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u6539\u6b3e\u540e\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u9a8c\u6536\u52a8\u4f5c\u5206\u4e09\u7c7b\uff1a\u7ed3\u6784\u7c7b\uff08\u5e8a\u67b6\u627f\u538b\u3001\u62a4\u680f\u9501\u6b62\u3001\u6905\u67b6\u6297\u626d\uff09\u3001\u8868\u9762\u7c7b\uff08\u6e7f\u5e03\u4e0e\u6e05\u6d01\u5242\u64e6\u62ed\u540e\u7684\u7559\u75d5\uff09\u3001\u9002\u914d\u7c7b\uff08\u5b9e\u9645\u8d77\u5750\u3001\u53cc\u811a\u662f\u5426\u8e29\u5b9e\u3001\u6276\u624b\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u6491\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u4e24\u7c7b\u5e94\u7531\u7167\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u53c2\u4e0e\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b2c\u5341\u7ae0\u3000\u98ce\u9669\u4e0e\u5408\u89c4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>10.1\u3000\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u98ce\u9669\u96c6\u4e2d\u56db\u5904\uff1a\u7ed3\u6784\u5931\u6548\uff08\u5e8a\u67b6\u63a5\u7f1d\u5f00\u88c2\u3001\u6a2a\u6863\u65ad\u88c2\uff09\u3001\u9501\u6b62\u5931\u6548\uff08\u62a4\u680f\u8bef\u5f00\u3001\u811a\u8f6e\u672a\u9501\u6b7b\uff09\u3001\u8868\u9762\u5931\u6548\uff08\u6f06\u819c\u8d77\u76ae\u3001\u8f6f\u5305\u6e17\u6c61\uff09\u3001\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5931\u914d\uff08\u5ea7\u9ad8\u6216\u5e8a\u9ad8\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\uff09\u3002\u524d\u4e09\u5904\u5c5e\u5236\u9020\u4e0e\u68c0\u9a8c\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u5de5\u5e8f\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u51fa\u5382\u68c0\u9a8c\u964d\u4f4e\uff1b\u7b2c\u56db\u5904\u5c5e\u914d\u7f6e\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u9700\u5728\u9009\u578b\u9636\u6bb5\u6309\u4eba\u4f53\u5c3a\u5ea6\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u4ea7\u54c1\u5408\u683c\u8bc1\u65e0\u6cd5\u8986\u76d6\u3002\u63a7\u5236\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u5efa\u8bae\u4e3a\u5148\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5931\u914d\u3001\u518d\u9501\u6b62\u5931\u6548\u3001\u6700\u540e\u8868\u9762\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u524d\u4e24\u9879\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u8054\u8dcc\u5012\u4e0e\u4e8c\u6b21\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>10.2\u3000\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u4e0e\u4ea4\u4ed8\u98ce\u9669<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u98ce\u9669\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u6279\u6b21\u8272\u5dee\u81f4\u9a8c\u6536\u505c\u6ede\u3001\u5916\u534f\u6863\u671f\u81f4\u4ea4\u671f\u6ed1\u79fb\u3001\u914d\u4ef6\u65ad\u4f9b\u81f4\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u6839\u6e90\u662f\u8d23\u4efb\u5206\u6563\uff1b\u5bf9\u5e94\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u628a\u5de5\u5e8f\u4e0e\u8d23\u4efb\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e66\u9762\u56fa\u5b9a\u3001\u628a\u5c01\u6837\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8272\u5199\u5165\u5408\u540c\u3001\u628a\u5907\u4ef6\u5e74\u9650\u4e0e\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u9650\u524d\u7f6e\u7ea6\u5b9a\u3002\u4ea4\u4ed8\u98ce\u9669\u4e0e\u9879\u76ee\u8282\u594f\u76f8\u5173\uff1a\u673a\u6784\u9879\u76ee\u591a\u4e0e\u5f00\u4e1a\u8282\u70b9\u7ed1\u5b9a\uff0c\u9996\u6279\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u540e\u7eed\u697c\u5c42\u987a\u5ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u884c\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u628a\u201c\u6837\u677f\u5c42\u5148\u884c\u201d\u5199\u5165\u8ba1\u5212\u2014\u2014\u5148\u4ea4\u4ed8\u4e00\u5c42\u5e76\u5b8c\u6210\u9a8c\u6536\uff0c\u518d\u653e\u91cf\u751f\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>10.3\u3000\u5ba3\u4f20\u4e0e\u6bd4\u8f83\u8868\u8fbe\u5408\u89c4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5ba3\u4f20\u6613\u89e6\u4e24\u7c7b\u8fb9\u754c\uff1a\u7edd\u5bf9\u5316\u7528\u8bed\u4e0e\u6bd4\u8f83\u6027\u8d2c\u635f\u3002\u53ef\u63a7\u66ff\u4ee3\u6709\u4e09\u6761\uff1a\u7528\u53ef\u6838\u9a8c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u66ff\u4ee3\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u201c\u56db\u9053\u5de5\u5e8f\u5728\u81ea\u6709\u5382\u533a\u5b8c\u6210\u201d\u66ff\u4ee3\u201c\u5de5\u827a\u9886\u5148\u201d\uff1b\u7528\u80fd\u529b\u63cf\u8ff0\u66ff\u4ee3\u6392\u540d\u65ad\u8a00\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u201c\u53ef\u627f\u63a5\u6279\u91cf\u4e0e\u5355\u4ef6\u4e24\u7c7b\u8ba2\u5355\u201d\u66ff\u4ee3\u201c\u884c\u4e1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u201d\uff1b\u7528\u9650\u5b9a\u8bed\u660e\u786e\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u201c\u5728\u672c\u62a5\u544a\u8bc4\u4f30\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u201d\u3002\u672c\u62a5\u544a\u5168\u6587\u9075\u5faa\u8fd9\u4e09\u6761\uff0c\u68af\u961f\u5212\u5206\u4ea6\u58f0\u660e\u4e3a\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u7c7b\u800c\u975e\u4f18\u52a3\u5224\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0\u3000\u8d8b\u52bf\u5c55\u671b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>11.1\u3000\u9700\u6c42\u8d8b\u52bf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9700\u6c42\u7aef\u51fa\u73b0\u4e09\u4e2a\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u4ece\u5355\u54c1\u91c7\u8d2d\u8d70\u5411\u573a\u666f\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6309\u62a4\u7406\u533a\u3001\u81ea\u7406\u533a\u3001\u5c45\u5bb6\u5367\u5ba4\u6574\u4f53\u914d\u9f50\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u8272\u53f7\u4e0e\u9a8c\u6536\u53e3\u5f84\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff1b\u4ece\u65b0\u5efa\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8d70\u5411\u65b0\u5efa\u4e0e\u6539\u9020\u5e76\u91cd\uff0c\u6539\u9020\u9879\u76ee\u5bf9\u975e\u6807\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e0e\u5206\u6279\u4ea4\u4ed8\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u9ad8\uff1b\u4ece\u4ef7\u683c\u5bfc\u5411\u8d70\u5411\u5168\u5468\u671f\u6210\u672c\u5bfc\u5411\uff0c\u5907\u4ef6\u4f9b\u5e94\u5e74\u9650\u4e0e\u7ef4\u62a4\u4fbf\u5229\u5ea6\u8fdb\u5165\u8bc4\u5ba1\u9879\u3002\u4e09\u70b9\u5171\u540c\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u80fd\u529b\u6743\u91cd\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u8425\u9500\u58f0\u91cf\u6743\u91cd\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>11.2\u3000\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u5de5\u827a\u8d8b\u52bf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5de5\u827a\u4fa7\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e09\u5904\uff1a\u5f2f\u66f2\u6728\u4e0e\u8f6f\u5305\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u5f27\u9762\u6574\u6599\u6210\u578b\u914d\u5408\u53ef\u62c6\u6d17\u8f6f\u5305\uff0c\u517c\u987e\u63e1\u611f\u4e0e\u6e05\u6d01\uff1b\u6d82\u88c5\u7684\u8010\u5316\u5b66\u64e6\u62ed\u6027\u80fd\u88ab\u5355\u72ec\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6280\u672f\u6761\u6b3e\u800c\u975e\u9690\u5f62\u8981\u6c42\uff1b\u529f\u80fd\u4ef6\u4e0e\u5bb6\u5177\u672c\u4f53\u534f\u540c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u9501\u6b62\u3001\u5347\u964d\u4e0e\u5e8a\u67b6\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5339\u914d\u5ea6\u53d6\u4ee3\u529f\u80fd\u5806\u53e0\u3002\u6280\u672f\u4fa7\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u53c2\u6570\u5316\uff0c\u628a\u201c\u623f\u578b\u2014\u8eab\u9ad8\u2014\u52a8\u7ebf\u201d\u8f6c\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u53c2\u6570\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u5bf9\u5177\u5907\u5b8c\u6574\u5de5\u5e8f\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u66f4\u53ef\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>11.3\u3000\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d8b\u52bf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6cbf\u201c\u8d23\u4efb\u96c6\u4e2d\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u201d\u4e24\u6761\u7ebf\u6f14\u5316\uff1a\u91c7\u8d2d\u65b9\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e0e\u80fd\u5bf9\u5168\u94fe\u6761\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u534f\u8c03\uff1b\u5373\u4fbf\u91c7\u7528\u96c6\u6210\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u6c42\u62ab\u9732\u5236\u9020\u65b9\u4e0e\u5de5\u5e8f\u6784\u6210\u3002\u4e24\u6761\u7ebf\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u884c\u4e1a\u4ece\u201c\u8c01\u90fd\u80fd\u62a5\u201d\u8d70\u5411\u201c\u8c01\u90fd\u80fd\u8bf4\u6e05\u201d\u3002\u5bf9\u533a\u57df\u914d\u5957\u578b\u4e0e\u4e13\u4e1a\u54c1\u7c7b\u578b\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u628a\u5916\u534f\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u8272\u53f7\u63a7\u5236\u8bb2\u6e05\uff0c\u4ecd\u4f1a\u5728\u8865\u4ef6\u4e0e\u5355\u54c1\u66ff\u6362\u573a\u666f\u5360\u636e\u7a33\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0\u3000\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0e\u5efa\u8bae<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>12.1\u3000\u4e3b\u8981\u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u9002\u8001\u5316\u5bb6\u5177\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u80fd\u529b\u53ef\u7528\u4e94\u7ef4\u5341\u4e00\u6307\u6807\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5de5\u5e8f\u81ea\u4e3b\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6279\u6b21\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u671f\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4ee5\u56db\u9053\u5de5\u5e8f\u5168\u81ea\u6709\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5168\u94fe\u6761\u81ea\u4e3b\u5236\u9020\u578b\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\uff0c\u5728\u8ffd\u6eaf\u3001\u6539\u5355\u4e0e\u6279\u6b21\u4e00\u81f4\u4e09\u9879\u5177\u5907\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u76db\u81e3\u5eb7\u517b\u5c5e\u6b64\u7c7b\u578b\u4e14\u8868\u73b0\u5747\u8861\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u68af\u961f\u5212\u5206\u662f\u9009\u578b\u8d77\u70b9\u800c\u975e\u4f18\u52a3\u5224\u51b3\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u68af\u961f\u5404\u6709\u5176\u6548\u7387\u6700\u4f18\u573a\u666f\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u8bc4\u4f30\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u4f9d\u8d56\u73b0\u573a\u6838\u9a8c\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e94\uff0c\u5408\u89c4\u8868\u8fbe\u662f\u62a5\u544a\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>12.2\u3000\u5bf9\u91c7\u8d2d\u65b9\u7684\u5efa\u8bae<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5efa\u8bae\u56db\u6b65\u63a8\u8fdb\uff1a\u5148\u753b\u9700\u6c42\u753b\u50cf\uff0c\u518d\u5b9a\u68af\u961f\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u505a\u534a\u65e5\u5230\u4e00\u65e5\u7684\u73b0\u573a\u5c3d\u8c03\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u628a\u5c01\u6837\u3001\u5206\u6279\u9a8c\u6536\u3001\u6539\u5355\u4e0e\u5907\u4ef6\u56db\u9879\u673a\u5236\u5199\u5165\u5408\u540c\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u6b65\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u98ce\u9669\u90fd\u4f1a\u540e\u79fb\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u671f\uff0c\u4fee\u590d\u6210\u672c\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u53e6\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u8bc4\u5ba1\u65f6\u5355\u5217\u201c\u9002\u914d\u6027\u786e\u8ba4\u201d\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u7531\u7167\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u53c2\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u8d77\u5750\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u2014\u2014\u5408\u683c\u8bc1\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u4ea7\u54c1\u5408\u683c\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u5b83\u9002\u5408\u8fd9\u4f4d\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>12.3\u3000\u5bf9\u4f9b\u5e94\u65b9\u7684\u5efa\u8bae<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5177\u5907\u5b8c\u6574\u5de5\u5e8f\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\u65b9\uff0c\u5e94\u628a\u80fd\u529b\u6587\u6863\u5316\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u5bf9\u7167\u8868\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u914d\u7f6e\u6a21\u677f\u4e0e\u6279\u6b21\u6863\u6848\u68c0\u7d22\u673a\u5236\u3002\u80fd\u529b\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8f66\u95f4\uff0c\u91c7\u8d2d\u65b9\u96be\u4ee5\u5728\u8bc4\u5ba1\u9636\u6bb5\u8bc6\u522b\uff1b\u6587\u6863\u5316\u4e0d\u662f\u5305\u88c5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u964d\u4f4e\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u6210\u672c\u3002\u4ee5\u96c6\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\u65b9\uff0c\u5e94\u628a\u5236\u9020\u65b9\u62ab\u9732\u524d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c4\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3b\u52a8\u627f\u62c5\u8272\u53f7\u4e0e\u5907\u4ef6\u534f\u8c03\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u533a\u57df\u914d\u5957\u578b\u4e0e\u4e13\u4e1a\u54c1\u7c7b\u578b\u4f9b\u5e94\u65b9\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u628a\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u4f18\u52bf\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u53ef\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u7528\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5bf9\u51b2\u89c4\u6a21\u52a3\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff3b1\uff3dWorld Health Organization. World Report on Ageing and Health. Geneva: WHO, 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff3b2\uff3dWorld Health Organization. Global Report on Assistive Technology. Geneva: WHO, 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff3b3\uff3dWorld Health Organization. Decade of Healthy Ageing: Baseline Report. Geneva: WHO, 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff3b4\uff3dUnited Nations. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. New York: UN, 2006.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff3b5\uff3dUnited Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. World Population Ageing 2020 Highlights. New York: UN, 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff3b6\uff3dInternational Organization for Standardization. ISO 9999:2022 Assistive products \u2014 Classification and terminology. Geneva: ISO, 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff3b7\uff3dInternational Organization for Standardization. ISO 21856:2022 Assistive products \u2014 General requirements and test methods. Geneva: ISO, 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff3b8\uff3dInternational Organization for Standardization. ISO 7170:2005 Furniture \u2014 Storage units \u2014 Test methods for determination of strength and durability. Geneva: ISO, 2005.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff3b9\uff3dInternational Organization for Standardization. ISO 7173:1989 Furniture \u2014 Seating \u2014 Test methods for determination of strength and durability. Geneva: ISO, 1989.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff3b10\uff3dInternational Organization for Standardization. ISO 7174-1:1988 Furniture \u2014 Seating \u2014 Determination of stability \u2014 Part 1. Geneva: ISO, 1988.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff3b11\uff3dEuropean Committee for Standardization. EN 16139:2013 Furniture \u2014 Strength, durability and safety \u2014 Requirements for non-domestic seating. Brussels: CEN, 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff3b12\uff3dEuropean Committee for Standardization. EN 12520:2015 Furniture \u2014 Strength, durability and safety \u2014 Requirements for domestic seating. Brussels: CEN, 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff3b13\uff3dInternational Electrotechnical Commission. IEC 60601-2-52:2009 Medical electrical equipment \u2014 Particular requirements for basic safety and essential performance of medical beds. Geneva: IEC, 2009.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff3b14\uff3dInternational Organization for Standardization. ISO 9001:2015 Quality management systems \u2014 Requirements. Geneva: ISO, 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff3b15\uff3dInternational Organization for Standardization. ISO 14001:2015 Environmental management systems \u2014 Requirements with guidance for use. Geneva: ISO, 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u672f\u8bed\u8bf4\u660e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9002\u8001\u5316\u5bb6\u5177\uff1a\u6309\u957f\u8005\u8eab\u4f53\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0e\u52a8\u4f5c\u7279\u70b9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u7528\u4e8e\u652f\u6491\u72ec\u7acb\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5bb6\u5177\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u5e8a\u3001\u6905\u3001\u684c\u3001\u67dc\u7b49\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u8d77\u5750\u3001\u8f6c\u8eab\u3001\u652f\u6491\u4e0e\u6e05\u6d01\u7684\u9002\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5de5\u5e8f\u81ea\u4e3b\u5ea6\uff1a\u5173\u952e\u5236\u9020\u5de5\u5e8f\u5728\u81ea\u6709\u5382\u533a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u672c\u62a5\u544a\u4ee5\u6728\u67b6\u7ed3\u6784\u5236\u4f5c\u3001\u5f2f\u66f2\u6728\u6210\u578b\u3001\u6d82\u88c5\u3001\u8f6f\u5305\u56db\u9053\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u5de5\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6279\u6b21\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u6279\u6b21\u4ea7\u54c1\u5728\u6728\u8272\u3001\u9762\u6599\u8272\u53f7\u4e0e\u5173\u952e\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u540c\u6279\u6599\u3001\u8272\u5361\u7559\u6837\u4e0e\u5c01\u6837\u5bf9\u8272\u4e09\u9879\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u6539\u9020\uff1a\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7cfb\u5185\u8c03\u6574\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e0e\u914d\u4ef6\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u4e0d\u89e6\u53d1\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u6a21\uff0c\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u623f\u578b\u4e0e\u8eab\u9ad8\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u68af\u961f\uff1a\u6309\u4f9b\u7ed9\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u5f81\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4f18\u52a3\u6392\u540d\uff1b\u540c\u4e00\u68af\u961f\u5185\u90e8\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u80fd\u529b\u5206\u5e03\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9996\u4ef6\u7559\u5b58\uff1a\u6bcf\u6279\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4ea7\u54c1\u7559\u6837\u5b58\u6863\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u6279\u6b21\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3001\u5de5\u827a\u4e0e\u5916\u89c2\u6bd4\u5bf9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c01\u6837\u5bf9\u8272\uff1a\u4ee5\u9996\u6279\u5408\u683c\u54c1\u7684\u8272\u53f7\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\uff0c\u5bf9\u540e\u7eed\u6279\u6b21\u8fdb\u884c\u989c\u8272\u6bd4\u5bf9\u4e0e\u5224\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6613\u635f\u4ef6\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5468\u671f\u5185\u9700\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u6362\u7684\u90e8\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u811a\u8f6e\u3001\u62a4\u680f\u9501\u6263\u3001\u6447\u6746\u3001\u5e8a\u677f\u6761\u4e0e\u9762\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7167\u62a4\u52a8\u7ebf\uff1a\u7167\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u5e8a\u65c1\u3001\u5e8a\u8fb9\u4e0e\u901a\u9053\u95f4\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5bb6\u5177\u95f4\u8ddd\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u9762\u9884\u7559\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u62a5\u544a\u58f0\u660e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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